Summit Tavern, approx. 1945
To the west of the Tree-in-the-Rock, travelers on the Lincoln Highway came to the
highest point on the road, the Summit Tavern. The tavern was constructed in 1930 and
replaced an earlier structure which dated back to unleast the 1880's.
Lincon Highway through Telephone Canyon, 1929, photo by Henning Svenson
Telephone Canyon, also known as Evans Pass, provided the descent to Laramie from Sherman Hill.
for more on Henning Svenson, see Laramie III. Later the
summit would be marked by a large bust of Abraham Lincoln.
Lincon Highway, Telephone Canyon, Sherman Hill, east of Laramie.
Even today, I-80 approximately follows this route with a five-mile long
5% grade, which in winter can be a wee bit hairy.
Lincoln Highway Telephone Canyon, photo by
H. Svenson.
In Laramie, the Lincoln Highway proceeded west on
Grand Avenue and turned north on 3rd Street, proceeding north crossing the Laramie River near
Bosler, 18 miles to the northwest. For more photos see Laramie.
The Lincoln Highway brought increased traffic
into the state and indirectly led to the bringing of the expression "Somewhere
west of Laramie" into the language with Ned Jordan's Saturday Evening Post ad of
June 23, 1923, below right.
The ad forever changed motor car advertising although the car, itself,
was less than distinctive and ceased production before the 1929 crash. The text of the ad was regarded as quite daring for the time:
Somewhere West of Laramie
Somewhere west of Laramie there's a bronco-busting, steer-roping girl who knows what I am talking about.
She can tell what a sassy pony that's a cross between greased lightning and the place where it hits, can do
with eleven hundred pounds of steel and action when he's going high, wide and handsome.
The Truth is--the Playboy was built for her.The ad was supposedly composed
on a train crossing the Laramie Plains when a girl on a horse racing the train attracted Jordan's attention.
As illustrated by the above photos, the Lincoln Highway remained, however, for the most part dirt or gravel well into the 1920's. In the early 1920's, the
80 mile trip from Evanston to Salt Lake City still took an entire day over a washboard surface and in
the winter horse-drawn sleighs were still necessary. As illustrated by the next
photo, the highway was, however,
a big improvement over the earlier roads.
In 1907, a Paris newspaper, Le Matin,
sponsored an automobile race from Pekin to Paris. As a result of the race's success, an
around the world race was sponsored the next year by the Le Matin and the
New York Times. As originally envisioned, the entrants would proceed from New York to the west coast,
north to Alaska, across the ice to Siberia, and onwards to Paris. Ultimately, the
cars were shipped by steamer to Russia via Japan and the Alaska leg was skipped. On Lincoln's
Birthday, 1908, an estimated 250,000 gathered in Times Square to see the
six entrants off, each with driver and several on-board mechanics. Entering the race were a Thomas Flyer (U.S), a Zust (It.),
a Protos (Ger.), a De Dion (Fr.), a Motobloc (Fr.), and a Sizaire-Naudin (Fr.). The
Sizaire-Naudin broke down before reaching Albany. Near Chicago, the Thomas was bogged down in
snowdrifts, some as high as 30 feet. In one instance it took ten horses to pull out the Thomas. The Motobloc broke down in
Omaha and was shipped to Seattle by train but was disqualified. In Grand Island, Neb., the
De Dion was delayed by two days because of a broken shaft. It made up for lost time
by making the 6 miles from Gibbon to Shelton in only 9 minutes. Although in the countryside the
going was slow because of the gumbo quality of the roads, in towns schools would be let out
as the vehicles and their pilot cars flew by at the astounding speed of 25 mph. The first to
reach Cheyenne was the Thomas.
Entrant into Great Race, west of Cheyenne, with Studebaker pilot car foreground, March 1908.
The above scene appears to be somewhere between Buford Station and Tie Siding. The road is not atypical. Montague
Roberts, the Thomas driver, described some roads as being tracks of
"fresh cooked molasses candy." The vehicles of the "Great Race" were not, however, the first
to traverse the continent. In 1903, George Wyman drove from San Francisco to New York on
a motorbike. In the very same area he got stuck in the gumbo and had to
secure a team of horses to pull the 90 pound bike out of the mire. Indeed,
the mire was so thick that the bike was stuck bolt upright and did not fall over. Wyman described
the mud:
Down at the bottom I struck gumbo mud, and it stuck me. Gumbo is the mud
they use in plastering the crevices of log louses. It has the consistency
of stale mucilage and when dry is as hard as flint. It sticks better than
most friends and puts mucilage to shame. When you step in it on a grassy
spot and lift your foot the grass comes up by the roots. My wheel stood
alone in the gumbo whenever I wanted to rest, and that was pretty often.
Every time I shoved the bicycle ahead a length I had to clean the mud off
the wheels before they would turn over again. I kept this up until finally
I reached a place where I could not move the bicycle another foot.
It sunk into the gluey muck so that I could not shove it either forward or
backward.
In 1909, Alice Huyler Ramsey, the 22-year old president of the
Women's Motoring Club of New York, followed the same route in a Maxwell-Briscoe. In
Cheyenne she engaged the services of a pilot car to guide her to Laramie. The pilot car
got stuck and had to be pulled out with the Maxwell.
Automobilists, Thornburg Ave., Laramie, 1911, looking west.
The cars in the Great Race would generally
follow roads paralleling the railroad. Onward through Wyoming the cars progressed along a route that
later became U.S. 30 to Salt Lake City. In Salt Lake City, the Protos broke down and
was shipped by train to Seattle for the repairs. The remaining vehicles proceeded on to
San Francisco and then shipped to Seattle. From Seattle the cars were shipped by Steamer to
Kyoto and from there to Vladivostok, where the cars resumed their trek across Siberia following the
Trans-Siberia Railroad to St. Petersburg. The first to reach Boulevard Poissoniere [Fishwife Boulevard] in Paris was the Protos on July 26, followed by
the Thomas on July 30, and the Zust on Sept. 17. The Thomas was, however, declared to be the winner with the Protos being penalized by
30 days for taking the train to Seattle.
The following year, 1909, M. Robert Guggenheim, heir to the Guggenheim fortune, sponsored another race from
New York to Seattle, ostensibly to assist the "good roads" movement. Entrants were two factory sponsored Fords, a factory Acme,
a factory Shawmut, a Stearns owned by Oscar Stolp who drove notwithstanding the opposition of the
Stearns Motor Company, and an Italia owned by Guggenheim. Guggenheim did not drive himself, but
instead hired a professional crew. Guggenheim proceeded on to Seattle where, among other things, he received
a speeding ticket for driving a high-powered automobile. In the east, speed limits were strictly enforced and the
cars were limited to various speeds of less than 20 mph. As an example, between Syracuse and
Buffalo, N.Y., the speed limit was 15 mph. West of St. Louis, however, there were no speed limits.
Thornburg Ave., Laramie, 1910
On June 1, five of the entrants were off, following a lead escort of New York policemen on bicycles, all the way to the
city limits. The Stearns followed four days later, but perhaps proving the wisdom of
Stearns' opposition to the race, broke down only 24 miles out of the city.
The Fords weighed only one-fourth the weight of the other cars and had been stripped of all excess weight, including
windshields, back seats, and tops. Indeed, they consisted of little more
than a chassis and seats. While the other cars had a crew of three or four, the Fords relied on
local dealers for maintenance and as guides and, thus, bore only a driver and relief driver, saving even
more weight. Indeed, the Fords were so light that when they got stuck, the drivers merely picked the cars
up and put boards under the wheels, while the others would require horses to pull them out of
the mire. Local Ford dealers acted as guides for the Fords, while the Acme, the Shawmut, and
the Italia were repeatedly delayed by getting lost on the unmarked roads. Ford apparently left nothing to chance.
The drivers of the Acme and the Shawmut complained bitterly that Ford had, among other things, bribed
a ferry operator to delay the Shawmut and had illegally changed an engine
and made other repairs. In Wyoming and Utah, the Shawmut and the Fords ran neck and neck.
On June 23, Ford No. 2 arrived in Seattle, followed 17 hours later by the Shawmut, the next day by the
other Ford, and a week later by the Acme. Guggenheim's Italia dropped out in Cheyenne. Ford immediately started an
a publicity campaign advertising that its winnimg vehicle was a "standard stock car and exact duplicate" of Model T's
available at local dealers. Five months later, unpublicized, the Ford was disqualified because of rule violations and
the Shawmut declared the winner. Years later
a mechanic for Ford admitted that an overeager local Ford dealer may have changed the engine when the mechanic wasn't looking.
Next: Bosler and Rock River.
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